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--- electrical:12v:charging [2019/01/03 16:47]
frater_secessus [equalization stage]
+++ electrical:12v:charging [2019/01/03 16:52]
frater_secessus
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
-==== equalization ====
+===== charge-and-hold =====
+Charging can be achieved with a simpler methods like charge-and-hold where the charger has a single setpoint which it holds;  current will drop as the battery accepts less.
+Examples include:
+  * [[electrical:converter|RV converters]], usually preset with a float-type setpoint like 13.4v.    The slow charging associated with this voltage level is offset but the assumption that one is plugged into shore power.
+  * power supplies, which will usually have a potentiometer (//pot//) to adjust voltage by +/- 10%.  Shore power assumed.
+  * [[electrical:12v:alternator|alternator charging]], where the alternator determines output voltage
+===== charge-and-stop =====
+[[electrical:solar:charge_controller#shunt_controllers|Shunt chargers]] have a charge-and-stop approach where they:
+  - charge to [[electrical:12v:hvd|High Voltage Disconnect]] (Vhvd) and stop
+  - fall in voltage to a High Voltage Reconnect (Vhvr)
+  - repeat
+These setpoints may or may not be user-configurable.
+Charge-and-stop may be useful when charging battery chemistries like lithium, or when [[electrical:solar:shallow_cycling|shallow-cycling]].
+===== charging AGM batteries =====
+AGM batteries are kept healthy by:
+  - vigorous Bulk charging, sometimes greater than solar-only charging can provide.((http://www.cheaprvliving.com/forums/Thread-anyone-familiar-with-Worker-AGM-batteries?pid=97068#pid97068))  Consider augmenting with alternator or shore power charging.
+  - long Absorption stages
+  - but lower Absorption voltage (to prevent outgassing)
+  - absolutely no Equalizing (which would create heavy outgassing)
+Many charge controllers have AGM or GEL modes that handle these setpoints and durations.
+===== charging other chemistries =====
+See [[electrical:12v:lifepo4_batteries_thread#charging|LiFePO4 (lithium) charging]]
+===== equalization =====
 Sometimes called the fourth stage, "equalizing is an overcharge performed after fully charging deep-cycle flooded/wet batteries. An equalizing charge prevents battery stratification and reduces sulfation which are leading causes of battery failure. Trojan recommends equalizing every 30 days or when batteries have a low specific gravity reading after fully charging... Deep-cycle AGM or gel batteries should NEVER be equalized."((http://www.trojanbattery.com/pdf/TrojanBattery_UsersGuide.pdf))
@@ Line 58: / Line 96: @@
-==== temperature compensation ====
+===== temperature compensation =====
 Accurate charging requires the charger know the temperature of the batteries being charged. In hot temps a full charge will require somewhat lower voltage. Cold temps will require higher voltage((https://handybobsolar.wordpress.com/the-rv-battery-charging-puzzle-2/)), enough to trip overvoltage protection in some 12v gear.
@@ Line 69: / Line 107: @@
   - ambient temperature as measured by the charger.  This can be different from the actual battery temp due to position, relative height to the battery, or if the charger gets confused by its own heat.
   - in the absence of actual measurements the charger will likely use the 77F laboratory standard.
-==== watering batteries ====
+===== watering batteries ======
 {{ http://www.trojanbattery.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/WaterDia_B.jpg?150}}
 Flooded lead-acid batteries outgas during Absorption, causing a slow loss of water.  They outgas intentionally in Equalization.  To counteract this, the 'dweller must remove the caps and inspect the water level.  If low, distilled water is added.
@@ Line 86: / Line 125: @@
-==== charging while using the 12v system ====
+===== charging while using the 12v system =====
 Smart chargers handle charging under load gracefully. As long as there is enough solar power coming in to hold the absorption or float voltage steady those charging stages will not be disturbed. If there is not enough power to hold the prescribed voltage the charger may restart Bulk charging. This behavior may be configurable by the user.
@@ Line 98: / Line 137: @@
 **Manual chargers** will not be affected by load as they are controlled by the user.
-===== charge-and-hold =====
-Charging can be achieved with a simpler methods like charge-and-hold where the charger has a single setpoint which it holds;  current will drop as the battery accepts less.
-Examples include:
-  * [[electrical:converter|RV converters]], usually preset with a float-type setpoint like 13.4v.    The slow charging associated with this voltage level is offset but the assumption that one is plugged into shore power.
-  * power supplies, which will usually have a potentiometer (//pot//) to adjust voltage by +/- 10%.  Shore power assumed.
-  * [[electrical:12v:alternator|alternator charging]], where the alternator determines output voltage
-===== charge-and-stop =====
-[[electrical:solar:charge_controller#shunt_controllers|Shunt chargers]] have a charge-and-stop approach where they:
-  - charge to [[electrical:12v:hvd|High Voltage Disconnect]] (Vhvd) and stop
-  - fall in voltage to a High Voltage Reconnect (Vhvr)
-  - repeat
-These setpoints may or may not be user-configurable.
-Charge-and-stop may be useful when charging battery chemistries like lithium, or when [[electrical:solar:shallow_cycling|shallow-cycling]].
-====== charging AGM batteries ======
-AGM batteries are kept healthy by:
-  - vigorous Bulk charging, sometimes greater than solar-only charging can provide.((http://www.cheaprvliving.com/forums/Thread-anyone-familiar-with-Worker-AGM-batteries?pid=97068#pid97068))  Consider augmenting with alternator or shore power charging.
-  - long Absorption stages
-  - but lower Absorption voltage (to prevent outgassing)
-  - absolutely no Equalizing (which would create heavy outgassing)
-Many charge controllers have AGM or GEL modes that handle these setpoints and durations.
-====== charging other chemistries ======
-See [[electrical:12v:lifepo4_batteries_thread#charging|LiFePO4 (lithium) charging]]

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