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electrical:12v:deep_cycle_battery [2020/06/10 13:43]
frater_secessus [carbon FLA] |
electrical:12v:deep_cycle_battery [2020/11/14 13:28]
frater_secessus [Non-LiFePO4 lithium-ion] |
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| Trojan claims up to 15% more cycles from the RE(("Renewable Energy")) line than non-carbon FLA in solar-charging use.((http://www.trojanbattery.com/new-products/smart-carbon/)) At this writing the cost premium for this <=15% increase in cycles is 21%.(($175 for T-105RE vs $145 for T-105)) | * Rolls calls this "[[http://support.rollsbattery.com/support/solutions/articles/245858-advanced-nam|Advanced NAM]]"((negative [something] material?)) and claims 15% faster charging, increased capacity, and increased cycle life. They state that this type of battery may have higher [[electrical:solar:charge_controller_setpoints|endAmps]] due to less internal resistance.((http://support.rollsbattery.com/support/solutions/articles/246380-end-amps-or-return-amps)) |
| | * Trojan claims up to 15% more cycles from the RE(("Renewable Energy")) line with "smart carbon"((https://www.trojanbattery.com/new-products/smart-carbon/)) than non-carbon FLA in solar-charging use.((http://www.trojanbattery.com/new-products/smart-carbon/)) At this writing the cost premium for this <=15% increase in cycles is 21%.(($175 for T-105RE vs $145 for T-105)) This would be an extra 9 months of life assuming a 5yr lifespan. |
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| Interstate batteries made by US Battery have "U" prefixes.((https://www.solarpaneltalk.com/forum/off-grid-solar/batteries-energy-storage/14996-trojan-t-105-vs-crown-235-and-what-s-wrong-with-parallel?p=195949#post195949)) | Interstate batteries made by US Battery have "U" prefixes.((https://www.solarpaneltalk.com/forum/off-grid-solar/batteries-energy-storage/14996-trojan-t-105-vs-crown-235-and-what-s-wrong-with-parallel?p=195949#post195949)) |
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| | ===== construction ===== |
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| | Generally speaking, lead batteries fall into three broad groups |
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| | - **starter** - relatively little lead, but thin and spongey, calcium-doped((https://www.engineersedge.com/battery/antimony_calcium_selenium_tin_alloying.htm)) plates make a huge surface area for massive currents involved with starting the engine and immediately recharging from alternator. The addition of Calcium decreases internal resistance, increases the outgassing voltage((thereby reducing water loss)) point((http://necon.co.za/batttech.php?w=1366&h=768#openModal)), decreases self-discharge, but makes the plates more likely to be damaged by overcharging. ((https://www.engineersedge.com/battery/antimony_calcium_selenium_tin_alloying.htm)) |
| | - **deep cycle** - lots of lead formed into thick, smooth antimony-doped plates. Can move less current but can do so for a longer time and can tolerate deeper discharge. This comes at the cost of increased water loss and self-discharge rates. Deep cycle batteries prefer to be floated constantly after charging. |
| | - **hybrid/marine** - plates tend to have middling thickness. They may have calcium-doped negative plates and antimony-doped negative plates.((http://necon.co.za/batttech.php?w=1366&h=768#openModal)) |
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| ===== VRLA ===== | ===== VRLA ===== |
| ==== Gel cell ==== | ==== Gel cell ==== |
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| This type of VRLA battery gelatinizes the electrolyte to stabilize it. While renowned for their duty cycles, they are rarely used in campers. | This type of VRLA battery gelatinizes the electrolyte with SiO2 (silicon dioxide) to stabilize it. While renowned for their duty cycles, they are rarely used in campers due to cost, limited charging max similar to flooded((C/5, https://www.trojanbattery.com/pdf/datasheets/Motive_T1275-AGM_DS.pdf and https://www.qsl.net/wb3gck/gel-cell.htm)), and sensitivity to overvoltage. |
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| | "Lead crystal" batteries may actually be gel, since they claim the electrolyte is made of SiO2.((http://azimuthsolar.ca/getting-silicon-dioxide-sio2-batteries-charging-instructions/)),((https://www.solarpaneltalk.com/forum/solar/the-pros-and-cons-of-solar-energy/22713-why-are-there-no-lead-crystal-battery-distributors-in-the-usa-or-canada?p=272482#post272482)) |
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| ==== Carbon foam AGM === | ==== Carbon foam AGM === |
| * voltage mismatch of 3S to nominal 12v systems | * voltage mismatch of 3S to nominal 12v systems |
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| | ===== health ===== |
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| | Batteries are typically replaced when they can no longer provide 80% of their rated capacity. This requires fully charging, then discharging at the 20-hr rate (C/20) until the battery is depleted. This is impractical with house batteries that are in actual use. |
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| | Because of this, we use indirect methods to assess battery health. |
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| | > Quickly rising to absorption voltage during bulk and never seeing tail current drop down to previous levels are good indicators that the battery is in a declined or seriously declining state. mainesail((https://www.cruisersforum.com/forums/f14/my-aging-northstar-group-27-a-179072.html#post2312172)) |
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| | Tail current (aka endAmps, finishing amps) for healthy lead batteries is typically between C/200 and C/100 (0.5A to 1.0A at Vabs for per 100Ah of capacity). If tail current cannot get down to 1A we can assume there is trouble. |
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| | The rise to absorption voltage is rarely useful in the field since: |
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| | - solar charging alone is rarely able to hit charge current maximums |
| | - alternator charging is rarely able to hit Vabs |
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| | People charging off larger [[:b2b|DC-DC chargers]], [[electrical:converter|shore power]], or [[electrical:generator|generators]] may be able gauge the speed at which the bank comes up to Vabs. |
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