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--- electrical:12v:deep_cycle_battery [2022/03/15 14:09]
frater_secessus [Lithium chemistries]
+++ electrical:12v:deep_cycle_battery [2023/06/12 11:24]
frater_secessus [FLA - Flooded Lead Acid] added watering
@@ Line 155: / Line 155: @@
+=== watering FLA ===
+  - check to ensure plates are at least //covered// with liquid
+  - charge fully
+  - check water level again, adding to fill mark
+This order is important because the electrolyte expands a bit as it charges, so filling completely //then// charging could result in spillage and loss of acid.
 ==== VRLA - Valve Regulated Lead Acid ====
@@ Line 186: / Line 192: @@
     * no outgassing under normal conditions
   * CON
-    * generally **double the cost** of FLA for about 20% less capacity((http://www.trojanbattery.com/Tech-Support/FAQ/BatterySelection.aspx))
+    * generally **double the cost** of FLA for similar capacity((http://www.trojanbattery.com/Tech-Support/FAQ/BatterySelection.aspx))
     * Premium AGM need **much more charging current** than flooded, and it may be more than solar-only setups can provide.((http://www.cheaprvliving.com/forums/Thread-How-much-of-an-issue-is-battery-off-gassing?pid=144704#pid144704)) The charging rate given by Lifeline, a respected AGM manufacturer, is //at least// C/5((20A per 100Ah of battery capacity)) or battery life will be affected. They also say it is ok to charge up to 5C((500A per 100Ah of battery capacity!)) (!).((http://lifelinebatteries.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/manual.pdf))  Odyssey specifies C/2.5 charging rates for their batteries.((40A per 100Ah of battery capacity))((http://www.odysseybattery.com/documents/ODYSSEY_Battery_Reconditioning_Charge_Procedure.pdf))
     * even cheap AGM require more current than flooded:  minimum C/5, max C/3.(20A-33A per 100Ah of battery capacity).
@@ Line 210: / Line 216: @@
 This type of VRLA battery gelatinizes the electrolyte with SiO2 (silicon dioxide) to stabilize it.  While renowned for their exceptional duty cycle life, they are rarely used in campers due to cost, limited charging max similar to flooded((C/5, https://www.trojanbattery.com/pdf/datasheets/Motive_T1275-AGM_DS.pdf and https://www.qsl.net/wb3gck/gel-cell.htm)), and sensitivity to overvoltage.
-"Lead crystal" batteries may actually be gel, since they claim the electrolyte is made of SiO2.((http://azimuthsolar.ca/getting-silicon-dioxide-sio2-batteries-charging-instructions/)),((https://www.solarpaneltalk.com/forum/solar/the-pros-and-cons-of-solar-energy/22713-why-are-there-no-lead-crystal-battery-distributors-in-the-usa-or-canada?p=272482#post272482))
+=== lead crystal ===
+These appear to be an AGM variant with some gel:
+>> The plate group was taken apart, which showed that the separator is a standard AGM (absorbent glass mat) with double layer. Additionally, a very small amount of gellified electrolyte was found on top of the plates. -- - [[https://www.dropbox.com/s/zz7vf6k8y36btfq/Memo%20%28internal%29%20Betta%20Lead%20Crystal%2026032013.pdf?dl=0|leaked pdf  describing a Betta battery teardown]]
+The "Lead crystal" name appears to refer to the gel component, since manufacturers typical claim the electrolyte is made of SiO2.((http://azimuthsolar.ca/getting-silicon-dioxide-sio2-batteries-charging-instructions/)),((https://www.solarpaneltalk.com/forum/solar/the-pros-and-cons-of-solar-energy/22713-why-are-there-no-lead-crystal-battery-distributors-in-the-usa-or-canada?p=272482#post272482))

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