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water:start [2022/01/14 21:04] princess_fluffypants |
water:start [2022/02/17 14:10] frater_secessus [Water] |
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Water is critical for life, especially in hot/dry areas like deserts. | Water is critical for life, especially in hot/dry areas like deserts. | ||
+ | Vandwellers living minimally (no showers or slip-n-slides) will typically require 1 gallon of potable water every day for [[water: | ||
- | Vandwellers living minimally (no showers or slip-n-slides) will typically require 1 gallon of potable | + | Cleaning |
- | ===== potable | + | Not all water needs to be both filtered and purified. Some natural water from fast-flowing streams or springs may have very little particulate matter in it and be very clear already, and will only need purification if you're going to drink or cook with it. |
- | [[water: | + | As a general rule, // |
+ | Not all water can be made safe for use; it is //not// practical to purify water that is chemically or mineralogically tainted. | ||
- | ==== disinfecting non-potable | + | See this [[https:// |
- | It is safest to start with known-drinkable water from public or commercial sources. | + | ===== conservation ===== |
- | When possible, multiple approaches should be used on the water. | + | It is far easier |
- | Strain | + | ===== Water Filtration ===== |
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | Mechanical filtration has become more common and less expensive. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The main drawback of filtration are clogging (addressed by adquate pre-filtration) and relatively slow filtration rate. Look for filters that can be gravity fed so the filtration time isn't tiresome. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * 1-micron filters will filter protozoa like giardia spores and Cryptosporidium out of clear water.((https:// | ||
+ | * 0.1-micron will filter all waterborne enteric bacteria from clear water | ||
+ | * Consumer-grade filtration will not remove viruses because of their tiny size. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The CDC points out the difference between nominal and absolute((or " | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Fabric filtration === | ||
+ | |||
+ | Much sediment can clear itself if allowed to rest; Let the water sit still for 30-60 minutes, then pour or siphon off the top and leave the sediment behind. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Alternately you can strain | ||
- sieve | - sieve | ||
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- actual water filter | - actual water filter | ||
+ | Note that filtration through layered fabric is much better than nothing. | ||
+ | > a filter made of four layers of worn cotton material held back more than 99 percent of all cholera bacteria - using more layers or newer cloth slowed water collection too much.((https:// | ||
- | === heat === | + | Both saris and coffee filters have about a 20-micron pore size: |
+ | |||
+ | > Typically coffee filters are made up of filaments approximately 20 micrometres wide, which allow particles through that are less than approximately 10 to 15 micrometres((https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | The best we should assume for with such //ad hoc// filtration is a pathogen // | ||
+ | |||
+ | Further reading: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Water Purification ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | It is possible to disinfect suspect water by several means; it is //not// practical to purify water that is chemically or mineralogically tainted. | ||
+ | |||
+ | When possible, multiple approaches should be used on the water. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Heat ==== | ||
Heat is an effective way to kill waterborne pathogens. | Heat is an effective way to kill waterborne pathogens. | ||
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Given that information, | Given that information, | ||
- | === chemical | + | ==== Chemical |
Chemical treatments require no power making them especially useful offgrid. | Chemical treatments require no power making them especially useful offgrid. | ||
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[[https:// | [[https:// | ||
- | === flocculation | + | === Flocculation |
Hybrid chlorinating-flocculating chemicals such as [[http:// | Hybrid chlorinating-flocculating chemicals such as [[http:// | ||
- | |||
- | === filtration === | ||
- | |||
- | [[https:// | ||
- | Mechanical filtration has become more common and less expensive. | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | The main drawback of filtration are clogging (addressed by adquate pre-filtration) and relatively slow filtration rate. Look for filters that can be gravity fed so the filtration time isn't tiresome. | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | |||
- | * 1-micron filters will filter protozoa like giardia spores and Cryptosporidium out of clear water.((https:// | ||
- | * 0.1-micron will filter all waterborne enteric bacteria from clear water | ||
- | * Consumer-grade filtration will not remove viruses because of their tiny size. | ||
- | |||
- | The CDC points out the difference between nominal and absolute((or " | ||
- | |||
- | == fabric filtration == | ||
- | |||
- | Note that filtration through layered fabric is much better than nothing. | ||
- | |||
- | > a filter made of four layers of worn cotton material held back more than 99 percent of all cholera bacteria - using more layers or newer cloth slowed water collection too much.((https:// | ||
- | |||
- | Both saris and coffee filters have about a 20-micron pore size: | ||
- | |||
- | > Typically coffee filters are made up of filaments approximately 20 micrometres wide, which allow particles through that are less than approximately 10 to 15 micrometres((https:// | ||
- | |||
- | The best we should assume for with such //ad hoc// filtration is a pathogen // | ||
- | |||
- | Further reading: | ||
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Optimal function may be found by placing small-diameter bottles in a solar oven. This will enhance UV collection and heating. | Optimal function may be found by placing small-diameter bottles in a solar oven. This will enhance UV collection and heating. | ||
- | + | ---- | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
===== non-potable water ===== | ===== non-potable water ===== |