====== Is MPPT required when wiring panels in series? ======

MPPT [[electrical:solar:charge_controller|controllers]] are not //required// for [[electrical:solar:series_vs_parallel|series panel wiring]]. Counterexamples:  

  - Imagine a 24v battery bank being PWM charged by two 12v panels in series. The series configuration itself is not important, but the relationship between panel voltage and charging voltage is.
  - Imagine a the 24v panel string above MPPT charging a 12v battery bank.  The MPPT controller dies and a backup  PWM controller is installed to keep power flowing.  PWM will run the panel string at Vbatt, making roughly 1/2  the peak power the MPPT could make.  If it were three 12v panels in series then PWM would make 1/3rd the peak power.  Note that during float with no additional loads there would be no practical difference. 

===== so why do we say that? =====


"MPPT is required for series" is shorthand for "when [[electrical:12v:electrical_notation|Vmp]] greatly exceeds battery bank voltages PWM output is hamstrung and MPPT advantage is overwhelming."((In our PWM backup scenario we are not concerned with //maximum// power, only getting //some// power from the panels until we can replace the dead MPPT.))  For example, running 2 12v panels in series to charge a 12v battery bank. 
  
The flipside to this is "when Vmp is close to battery voltage then MPPT advantage is thinnest and PWM may actually make more power." For more on this edge scenario, see [[electrical:solar:output#panel_temperature|temperature derating]].