Electrical components like batteries and solar panels can be used independently or combined. If combined, they are connected in series or in parallel.¹⁾ For the following examples we will consider two items – batteries, solar panels, etc.

Series connections double the voltage while the current (or capacity in Ah when dealing with batteries) remains unchanged.

• common example: 2 6v, 200Ah golf cart batteries in series = a 12v, 200Ah battery bank.²⁾. This is a recommended configuration.
• less common example: 2 12v, 90Ah batteries in series = a 24v, 90Ah battery bank.

Parallel connections double the current while the voltage remains unchanged.

• common example: 2 12v, 90Ah batteries in parallel = a 12v, 180Ah battery bank.

Wide parallel configurations (like 4P) are difficult to charge/discharge evenly without exotic cable configurations.

When discussing multi-battery banks it is common to describe the electrical layout with a particular notation.

p = parallel
s = series

Examples:

• 1p1s - a single battery
• 1p2s - two batteries in series, as one finds in the common 2x6v GC battery setup
• 2p1s - two batteries in parallel
• 2p2s - two sets of batteries in parallel linked in series as one finds in higher-capacity GC-based setups