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--- electrical:12v:psoc [2017/11/08 19:30]
frater_secessus [sulfation]
+++ electrical:12v:psoc [2022/05/06 12:14] (current)
frater_secessus [Partial State of Charge]
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Partial State of Charge ======
-//Partial state of charge// (PSoC) refers to the state of a lead-chemistry battery when it is left below 100%  State of Charge (partially [[electrical:depth_of_discharge|discharged]]).  Both long periods of PSoC and lower voltage are damaging to lead acid batteries (ie, [[electrical:batterycide|battery murder]]), usually due to "hard sulfation" (see [[#sulfation|below]]).
+//Partial state of charge// (PSoC) refers to the state of a lead-chemistry battery when it is left below 100%  State of Charge (partially [[electrical:depth_of_discharge|discharged]]), which lead-chemistry batteries do not like.((Vandwellers who expect PSoC conditions may get better results from battery chemistries that don't mind PSoC, like Lithium or carbon-doped lead.))
+Since state of charge is measured "on the way down" from [[electrical:12v:charging|full charging]] PSoC can result from:
+  - failure to fully charge lead batteries (typically [[electrical:batterycide|failure to hold Vabs for sufficient duration]], widespread); or
+  - fully and correctly charging but then allowing the battery to rest without a Float (maintenance) charge (less common)
+Both long periods of PSoC and incomplete charging are damaging to lead acid batteries (ie, [[electrical:batterycide|battery murder]]), usually due to "hard sulfation" (see [[#sulfation|below]]).
 ===== optimal deep cycling =====
-In a perfect world, lead-acid batteries (both flooded and AGM) would be discharged no further than 50% then [[electrical:12v:charging|fully charged]] again each day.
+In a perfect world, lead-acid batteries (both flooded and AGM) would be discharged no further than 20% then [[electrical:12v:charging|fully charged]] again((ie, to 100% State of Charge)) each day.  In some studies this 20% depletion yields the most Ah/$.  The downside is carrying around a lot of "dead lead", capacity that is never used.
+In actual usage it is more common to discharge to 50% SoC.  This allows 2.5x the power to be used overnight at the cost of longevity.
 It is easier to get the batteries fullly charged each day when [[electrical:solar:overpaneling#vs_battery_bank|they are overpaneled]], but that trades battery health for less reserve for [[electrical:solar:output#insolation|days of poor insolation]].
@@ Line 28: / Line 39: @@
 A comparison might be made with a pot that was used to cook oatmeal;  if rinsed soon after cooking it is easy to clean off.  If the oatmeal is allowed to dry onto the pot overnight it can turn into a concrete-like coating.
+To avoid hard sulfation and dramatic damage to battery capacity, fully charge the battery to 100% SoC as often as possible.  Daily is optimal.

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