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electrical:solar:charge_controller [2023/11/27 12:28]
frater_secessus [DDCCC] 		electrical:solar:charge_controller [2024/04/16 20:28] (current)
frater_secessus [specs]
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 Regardless of type, controllers will have several specifications in common.  Regardless of type, controllers will have several specifications in common. 
  
-  * **rating (or "size")** - this is usually the maximum output the controller can produce (charging + loads).((for technical reasons with PWM this will also be the *input* current limit))+  * **rating (or "size")** - this is usually the maximum output in A (amps) the controller can produce (charging + loads).((for technical reasons with PWM this will also be the *input* current limit))
   * **12v/24v/48v** - this refers to the nominal voltage of the battery bank it will be charging.    * **12v/24v/48v** - this refers to the nominal voltage of the battery bank it will be charging. 
   * **Maximum input voltage** - the highest voltage the controller should //ever// see from the solar array.((it is common to leave ~20% margin))  NOTE: a 50v input max does //not// mean a PWM controller can make efficient use of mismatched panel/battery voltages; that requires MPPT.  See [[#how_to_choose|how to choose]] below.   * **Maximum input voltage** - the highest voltage the controller should //ever// see from the solar array.((it is common to leave ~20% margin))  NOTE: a 50v input max does //not// mean a PWM controller can make efficient use of mismatched panel/battery voltages; that requires MPPT.  See [[#how_to_choose|how to choose]] below.
 +  * **Minimum input voltage** - a PWM controller will requires panel voltage ≥ battery voltage to charge.  MPPT controllers will usually require a bit more voltage headroom to start/run the MPPT algorithm.((although less common, //boosting// MPPT do exist that can increase incoming voltage in order to charge a higher-voltage battery bank))
  
  
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 **MPPT is effectively required** when: **MPPT is effectively required** when:
   * when one needs to squeeze every watt out of the panel   * when one needs to squeeze every watt out of the panel
-  * using panels with nominal voltages higher than the battery bank voltage, like 24v panels with a 12v bank.   To be fair, [[http://mouse.mousetrap.net/blog/2021-07-09-solar-back-online-.html#pwm-spare-saved-my-bacon|one really can use higher-voltage panels with PWM and 12v banks]] -- they just end up running at about half power.    +  * using panels with nominal voltages higher than the battery bank voltage, like 24v panels with a 12v bank.   To be fair, [[http://mouse.mousetrap.net/blog/2021-07-09-solar-back-online-.html#pwm-spare-saved-my-bacon|one really can use higher-voltage panels with PWM and 12v banks]] -- they just end up running at about half power.  [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2b7z2eTb5o|Demonstration video from AltE]].
   * space available for panels is limited, as on a sailboat or small vehicle   * space available for panels is limited, as on a sailboat or small vehicle
   * daytime loads are hampered by [[electrical:solar:pwm_tweaking|PWM Vbatt hobbling]]   * daytime loads are hampered by [[electrical:solar:pwm_tweaking|PWM Vbatt hobbling]]
electrical/solar/charge_controller.1701106081.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/11/27 12:28 by frater_secessus

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