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electrical:12v:deep_cycle_battery [2022/10/04 19:26] frater_secessus [Gel cell] betta teardown |
electrical:12v:deep_cycle_battery [2024/04/15 01:00] (current) frater_secessus [Chain Store Batteries] |
**Note: This article assumes useage of 12v lead chemistries.** If you're using Lithium, this information is not as applicable. Please see the [[electrical:12v:drop-in_lifepo4|Drop-in Lithium batteries]] article, or for the more industrious the [[electrical:12v:lifepo4_batteries_thread|Lithium Battery DIY thread]] page | **Note: This article assumes useage of 12v lead chemistries.** If you're using Lithium, this information is not as applicable. Please see the [[electrical:12v:drop-in_lifepo4|Drop-in Lithium batteries]] article, or for the more industrious the [[electrical:12v:lifepo4_batteries_thread|Lithium Battery DIY thread]] page |
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---- | ===== specs ===== |
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| * Ah (Amp-hours) - the rated [[electrical:12v:battery_capacity|capacity]] of the battery. The basic concept is that a 100Ah battery could theoretically deliver 10A for 10 hours (10A x 10h = 100Ah). In practice deep cycle batteries are not drained to 0%, and the rate of discharge can affect the apparent capacity. |
| * Wh (Watt-hours) - like Ah above, only multiplied by the nominal voltage. |
| * 100Ah of lead is 1200Wh (100Ah x 12.0v). |
| * 100Ah of LiFePO4 is 1280Wh (100Ah x 12.8v) |
| * cycles - the number of times the battery can be charged and discharged before being considered End Of Life.((EoL is typically considered the point where the battery can no longer produce 80% of its rated output)). Cycles are usually calculated using a particular [[electrical:12v:battery_capacity|C rate]] and [[electrical:depth_of_discharge|depth of discharge]]. |
| * Lead is typically rated at the 1/20th the current as Ah (5A for a 100Ah battery) down to 50% DoD. |
| * LiFePO4 is typically rated at the 1/5th the current as Ah (20A for a 100Ah battery) down to 80% DoD. |
| * both maximum and recommended charge/discharge currents are given [[electrical:12v:battery_capacity|in C]] or Amps. |
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===== Popular Deep-Cycle Lead batteries ===== | ===== Popular Deep-Cycle Lead batteries ===== |
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| === watering FLA === |
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| - check to ensure plates are at least //covered// with liquid |
| - charge fully |
| - check water level again, adding to fill mark |
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| This order is important because the electrolyte expands a bit as it charges, so filling completely //then// charging could result in spillage and loss of acid. |
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==== VRLA - Valve Regulated Lead Acid ==== | ==== VRLA - Valve Regulated Lead Acid ==== |
* no outgassing under normal conditions | * no outgassing under normal conditions |
* CON | * CON |
* generally **double the cost** of FLA for about 20% less capacity((http://www.trojanbattery.com/Tech-Support/FAQ/BatterySelection.aspx)) | * generally **double the cost** of FLA for similar capacity((http://www.trojanbattery.com/Tech-Support/FAQ/BatterySelection.aspx)) |
* Premium AGM need **much more charging current** than flooded, and it may be more than solar-only setups can provide.((http://www.cheaprvliving.com/forums/Thread-How-much-of-an-issue-is-battery-off-gassing?pid=144704#pid144704)) The charging rate given by Lifeline, a respected AGM manufacturer, is //at least// C/5((20A per 100Ah of battery capacity)) or battery life will be affected. They also say it is ok to charge up to 5C((500A per 100Ah of battery capacity!)) (!).((http://lifelinebatteries.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/manual.pdf)) Odyssey specifies C/2.5 charging rates for their batteries.((40A per 100Ah of battery capacity))((http://www.odysseybattery.com/documents/ODYSSEY_Battery_Reconditioning_Charge_Procedure.pdf)) | * Premium AGM need **much more charging current** than flooded, and it may be more than solar-only setups can provide.((http://www.cheaprvliving.com/forums/Thread-How-much-of-an-issue-is-battery-off-gassing?pid=144704#pid144704)) The charging rate given by Lifeline, a respected AGM manufacturer, is //at least// C/5((20A per 100Ah of battery capacity)) or battery life will be affected. They also say it is ok to charge up to 5C((500A per 100Ah of battery capacity!)) (!).((http://lifelinebatteries.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/manual.pdf)) Odyssey specifies C/2.5 charging rates for their batteries.((40A per 100Ah of battery capacity))((http://www.odysseybattery.com/documents/ODYSSEY_Battery_Reconditioning_Charge_Procedure.pdf)) |
* even cheap AGM require more current than flooded: minimum C/5, max C/3.(20A-33A per 100Ah of battery capacity). | * even cheap AGM require more current than flooded: minimum C/5, max C/3.(20A-33A per 100Ah of battery capacity). |
These appear to be an AGM variant with some gel: | These appear to be an AGM variant with some gel: |
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>> The plate group was taken apart, which showed that the separator is a standard AGM (absorbent glass | >> The plate group was taken apart, which showed that the separator is a standard AGM (absorbent glass mat) with double layer. Additionally, a very small amount of gellified electrolyte was found on top of the plates. -- - [[https://www.dropbox.com/s/zz7vf6k8y36btfq/Memo%20%28internal%29%20Betta%20Lead%20Crystal%2026032013.pdf?dl=0|leaked pdf describing a Betta battery teardown]] |
mat) with double layer. Additionally, a very small amount of gellified electrolyte was found on top of the | |
plates. -- - [[https://www.dropbox.com/s/zz7vf6k8y36btfq/Memo%20%28internal%29%20Betta%20Lead%20Crystal%2026032013.pdf?dl=0|leaked pdf describing a Betta battery teardown]] | |
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The "Lead crystal" name appears to refer to the gel component, since manufacturers typical claim the electrolyte is made of SiO2.((http://azimuthsolar.ca/getting-silicon-dioxide-sio2-batteries-charging-instructions/)),((https://www.solarpaneltalk.com/forum/solar/the-pros-and-cons-of-solar-energy/22713-why-are-there-no-lead-crystal-battery-distributors-in-the-usa-or-canada?p=272482#post272482)) | The "Lead crystal" name appears to refer to the gel component, since manufacturers typical claim the electrolyte is made of SiO2.((http://azimuthsolar.ca/getting-silicon-dioxide-sio2-batteries-charging-instructions/)),((https://www.solarpaneltalk.com/forum/solar/the-pros-and-cons-of-solar-energy/22713-why-are-there-no-lead-crystal-battery-distributors-in-the-usa-or-canada?p=272482#post272482)) |
Further reading: [[https://marinehowto.com/what-is-a-deep-cycle-battery/|this page]] with further explanation and teardowns to show the difference between deep cycle and "deep cycle" batteries. | Further reading: [[https://marinehowto.com/what-is-a-deep-cycle-battery/|this page]] with further explanation and teardowns to show the difference between deep cycle and "deep cycle" batteries. |
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---- | ==== Telco backup batteries ==== |
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| Telcos and other companies that need battery backup rotate their AGM batteries out regularly; these find their way onto the used market on pallets for relatively low prices. |
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| These backup batteries are not meant to cycle, vandweller style. They are designed to live on Float forever then suddently dump their power when grid power goes down. |
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| Can you make them work for you? Maybe, but people who can squeeze some use out of them already know what they are doing. |
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