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Words of Wisdom: I'm not sure people always grasp the concept of “minimum” either; they tend to think it means “all that you really need” when it fact it means “the least you can get away with provided everything else goes right”. After all, the sun does not shine brightly every day. – Cariboocoot1)

Solar power

Solar (photovoltaic or PV) power is an excellent fit for 'dwellers and especially for boondockers. It is silent, nearly maintenance-free, and requires no infrastructure or grid.

Broadly speaking, solar power systems consist of panels to collect energy, house batteries to store energy, and charge controllers to regulate how those batteries get/stay charged.

Under normal use solar setups charge fully during the daytime and discharge at night; the lowest State of Charge will likely be just before sunrise. On a properly-sized deep cycle system the bank will have used no more than 50% of its capacity at this point. Then the sun comes up and charging begins again.

The most difficult part of a solar power system (other than paying for it!) is sizing it correctly for your needs.

practical considerations

  • solar panels take a lot of room and must not be shaded. Where will you put them?
  • panels are coming down in price but are $$$ to ship. Where will you get them?
  • wiring from the panels will have to enter the camper body somewhere, and the entry will have to be waterproof
  • lead acid batteries (flooded, sealed, AGM, etc) are extremely heavy and bulky. Where will you put them that is out of the way and that will not negatively impact the balance of your camper? How will you get to them to maintain/inspect them? How will you vent them?
  • wiring from power sources will need to be fused or fitted with circuit breakers
  • how will you ensure your batteries don't run your batteries too low and damage them?

scheduling your use of solar power

When you use power from your system can be as important as how much power you use.

FIXME

things that affect solar power

  • Insolation (Intensity of sunlight)
    • strongest when there is least atmosphere between the sun and panels: sun is overhead (noon, summer), nearer the equator, and at higher elevations.
    • weakest when there is the most atmosphere between sun and panels: sun is low (morning/afternoon, winter), higher latitudes, and lower elevations.
  • hours of sun each day - more in southern latitudes and in summer; fewer in northern latitudes and in winter
  • clouds - panels make more power on sunny days and less on cloudy days, due to increased current (voltage relatively unchanged).
  • temperature - panels make more power when cold, due to increased voltage (current relatively unchanged)
  • physical obstruction / shade - as when in forested areas
  • physical obstruction / covering - as when covered in dust or snow

how much solar?

Solar sizing has been moved to its own page.

12v vs 24v

Most house banks and accessories are nominal 12v.

Reasons to go 12v:

  • it is the most common setup: more accessories, more crowdsourceable knowledge
  • you want to charge from alternator
  • your rig already has a 12v bank

Reasons to go 24v (or higher):

  • to save on copper costs; higher voltages do not require thick copper like 12v. Example: a 10' run of 20A @ 2% loss requires 2awg with 12v but only 5awg with 24v.2)
  • more efficient inversion to 110vac. If most of the house will be run off an inverter, it will be more efficient at 24v than 12v.
  • large arrays and battery banks

cloudy weather

Cloud cover can have paradoxical effects:

Rainy weather causes a drop in current due to the cloud cover effect.

Dusty or snowy weather can cause a loss of output due to physical presence on the panels.

temperature

Panels yield the most power in cold temperatures. Since panels are dark and get very hot in the sun they are generally raised rather than directly mounted; this allows air circulation/cooling underneath.

electrical/solar.1496625979.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/10/11 19:48 (external edit)